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National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health. The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2014.
The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General.
Show detailsThroughout this report, genes are represented by their abbreviations in italics. In many cases, proteins and enzymes related to these genes have the same abbreviation, presented in roman type. Definitions, alternative genetic symbols, related proteins and enzymes, and polymorphisms and variant genotypes are listed alphabetically by gene abbreviation.
| Gene symbol used in this report | Definition | Alternative gene symbol | Related protein/enzyme | Polymorphism/variant genotype |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAT | α1-antitrypsin | SERPINA1 | AAT | PI*S, PI*Z, PI MZ, PI 22, GLN6VAL (S), GLN6LYS (Z) |
| ADD | adducin 1 (alpha) | ADD1 | ADD1 | GLY460TRP |
| AGT | O6-alkylguanine–DNA alkyltransferase | AGT | ILE143VAL, GLY160ARG | |
| AHR | aryl hydrocarbon receptor | AHR | ||
| AHRR | aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor | AHRR | ||
| AIB1 | amplified in breast 1 | NCOA3 | AIB1 | |
| AKT | v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 | AKT | ||
| ATM | ataxia telangiectasia mutated | ATM | ||
| APC | adenomatous polyposis coli | APC | ||
| APO2 | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10a | APO2 | ||
| APOE | apolipoprotein E | TNFRSF10A | APOE | *2 |
| ARMS2 | age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 | LOC387715 A69S | ARMS2 | rs10490942, rs10490912, rs10490924 |
| BAD | BCL2-associated agonist of cell death | BBC2, BCL2L8 | BAD | |
| BAX | BCL2-associated X protein | BCL2L4 | BAX | |
| BCL3 | B-cell CLL/lymphoma 3 | BCL3 | ||
| BCL2L8 | BCL2-associated agonist of cell death | BAD | BCL2L8 | |
| BCL2L4 | BCL2-associated X protein | BAX | BCL2L4 | |
| BHLHB5 | basic helix-loop-helix family, member e22 | BHLHE22 | BHE22 | |
| BHLHE22 | basic helix-loop-helix family, member e22 | BHLHB5 | BHLHB5 | |
| BICD1 | bicaudal D homolog 1 (Drosophila) | BICD1 | ||
| BMP4 T538C | bone morphogenetic protein 4 | BMP4 | ||
| BOLL | bol, boule-like | BOLL | ||
| BRCA1 | breast cancer 1, early onset | BRCA1 | ||
| BRCA2 | breast cancer 2, early onset | BRCC2 | BRCA2 | HIS372ASN (T27113G), ILE3412VAL (G93268A |
| BRCC2 | breast cancer 2, early onset | BRCA2 | BRCC2 | |
| BRMS1 | breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 | BRMS1 | ||
| C3 | complement component 3 (C3) | C3 | R102G, rs1047286, rs11569536, rs3745565, P314L | |
| C7 | complement component 7 | CXCL10 | C7 | |
| CARD15 | nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 | NOD2 | CARD15 | |
| CC2 | complement component 2 | CC2 | ||
| CDKN2A | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A | P16 | CDKN2A | |
| CFB | complement factor B | CFB | ||
| CFH | complement factor H | CFH | rs3753394, rs800292, rs1061147, rs1061170, rs380390, rs1329428, Y402H, rs1410996, rs2274700, T1277C, CAATTTAG (P1), CGGCTTAG (P2), rs1410996-AG, rs1410996-GG, (GG)rs10490924/(TT), (TT)rs10490924/(CC), Y402H, YY, AA, CC, TT, CT, HH | |
| CHRNA3 | cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, α3 | CHRNA3 | ||
| CHRNA5 | cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, α5 | CHRNA5 | ||
| CHRNB4 | cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, β4 | CHRNB4 | ||
| COX2 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II | COX2 | ||
| CRP | C-reactive protein | CRP | ||
| CXCL10 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 | C7 | CXCL10 | |
| CYP17 | cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 | CYP17A1 | CYP17 | |
| CYP1A1 | cytochrome P-450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) | CYP1A1 | *2A, *2C, m1/m2, *1, *2, MSPI | |
| CYP1A2 | cytochrome P-450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 | CYP1A1 | ||
| CYP1B1 | cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 | CYP1B1 | LEU/LEU, VAL/VAL, 119S | |
| CYP2A6 | cytochrome P-450, family 2, subfamily A, polypeptide 6 | CYP2A6 | ||
| CYP2E1 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily E, polypeptide 1 | CYP2E1 | RSAI | |
| DAT1 | dopamine active transporter 1 | SLC6A3 | DAT1 | +/+ |
| DCC | deleted in colorectal carcinoma | DCC | ||
| EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor (erythroblastic leukemia viral (v-erb-b) onco homolog, avian) | EGFR | ||
| ELN | Elastin | ELN | ||
| ELOVL4 | ELOVL fatty acid elongase 4 | ELOVL4 | ||
| ENOS | endothelial nitric oxide synthase | NOS3 | ENOS, NOS3 | |
| EPHB2 | EPH receptor B2 | ERK | EPHB2 | |
| EPHX | epoxide hydrolase | EPHX | ||
| EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPHX1 | ||
| ERBB2 | v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 | HER2 | ERBB2 | |
| ERCC2 | excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 2 | XPD | ERCC2 | |
| ERCC4 | excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 4 | XPF | ERCC4 | |
| ERCC5 | excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 5 | XPG | ERCC5 | |
| ERCC6 | excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 6 | ERCC6 | ||
| ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase | EPHB2 | ERK | |
| ESR1 | estrogen receptor 1 | ESR1 | ||
| FAM13A | family with sequence similarity 13, member A | FAM13A | ||
| FBLN5 | fibulin 5 | FBLN5 | ||
| FBXW7 | F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase | FBXW7 | ||
| FUT2 | fucosyltransferase 2 (secretor status included) | SE | FUT2 | |
| GADD45 | growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha | GADD45 | ||
| GFI1 | growth factor independent 1 transcription repressor | GFI1 | ||
| GST | glutathione-S-transferase | GST | ||
| GSTA1 | glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 | GSTA1 | ||
| GSTA4 | glutathione-S-transferase α4 | GSTA4 | ||
| GSTM1 | glutathione-S-transferase μ1 (GSTM1) | GSTM1-1 | GSTM1 | A/B |
| GSTM3 | glutathione S-transferase μ3 (brain) | GSTM3 | ||
| GSTP1 | glutathione S-transferase π1 | GSTP1 | ||
| GSTT1 | glutathione-S-transferase θ1 (GSTT1) | GSTT1-1 | GSTT1 | DEL |
| HER2 | human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 | ERBB2 | HER2 | |
| HHIP | hedgehog interacting protein | HHIP | ||
| HIF1A | hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor) | HIF1A | ||
| HLA | major histocompatibility complex | HLA-A | HLA | SE |
| HLA-DPB1 | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP beta 1 | HLA-DPB1 | ||
| HLA-DPB2 | major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP beta 2 (pseudogene) | HLA-DPB2 | ||
| HO-1 | heme oxygenase (decycling) 1 | HMOX1 | HMOX1 | |
| HRAS | v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog | C-HRAS | C-HRAS, HRAS1 proto-oncoprotein | |
| HTRA1 | HtrA (high temperature requirement factor A) serine peptidase 1 | HTRA1 | GG, rs11200638, AA | |
| IBD1 | nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 | IBD1 | ||
| ICAM-1 | intercellular adhesion molecule 1 | ICAM-1 | GLY241ARG | |
| IGHMP2 | immunoglobulin mu binding protein 2 | IGHMP2 | ||
| IKKβ | inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta | IKK | ||
| IL-1β | interleukin-1β (IL-1β) | IL-1β | ||
| IL-12 | IL-12 | |||
| IL-13 | interleukin-13 | IL-13 | ||
| IL-4 | interleukin-4 | IL-4 | ||
| IL-5 | interleukin-5 | IL-5 | ||
| IL-6 | interleukin-6 | IL-6 | ||
| IL-8 | interleukin-8 | IL-8 | ||
| IL-10 | interleukin-10 | IL-10 | ||
| IL-17A | interleukin -17A | IL-17A | ||
| IL-18 | interleukin -18 | IL-18 | ||
| IL-23 | interleukin -23 | IL-23 | ||
| IL-33 | interleukin -33 | IL-33 | ||
| IP-10 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 | C-7, CXCL10 | CXL 10 | |
| IREB2 | iron-responsive element binding protein 2 | IREB2 | ||
| IRF6 | interferon regulatory factor 6 | IRF6 | ||
| JNK-1 | c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 | MAPK8 | JNK-1 | |
| KRAS | K-ras (v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) | KRAS | ||
| LacZ | beta-galactosidase | LACZ | ||
| LC3B | microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta | LCB3 | ||
| LGALS4 | lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 4 | LGALS4 | ||
| LIG4 | ligase IV, DNA, ATP-dependent | LIG4 | ||
| LOC387715 A69S | age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 | ARMS2 | LOC387715 | GG, GT+TT, rs10490924, rs10490942 |
| MAOA | monoamine oxidase A | MAOA | 5′uVNTR | |
| MAPK8 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 | JNK-1 | MK08 | |
| mEH3 | microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) polymorphism in exon 3 | mEH3 | ||
| MEK | mitogen-activated protein kinase | MEK | ||
| MGMT | O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase | MGMT | LEU84PHE, ILE143VAL | |
| MnSOD2 | manganese superoxide dismutase 2 | MnSOD2 | VAL (wild type), ALA | |
| MMP | matrix metallopeptidase | MMP | ||
| MMP 9 | matrix metallopeptidase 9 (gelatinase B, 92kDa gelatinase, 92kDa type IV collagenase) | MMP 9 | ||
| MMP 12 | matrix metallopeptidase 12 (macrophage elastase) | MMP 12 | ||
| MPO | myeloperoxidase | MPO | ||
| MYH9 | myosin, heavy chain 9, non-muscle | MYH9 | ||
| MSX1 | muscle segment homeobox 1 | MSX1 | CA, X1.1, X1.3, X2.1, X2.4, T2090G | |
| MTHFR | methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase | MTHFR | 677C→T, CC | |
| NAT1 | N-acetyltransferase 1 | NAT1, ARY1 | 1088, 1095, AA vs. TT, AA vs. CC, T1095A, 1088A, 1088T→A, 1095C→A | |
| NAT2 | N-acetyltransferase 2 | NAT2, ARY2 | _SNP2, 282C→T, 341T→C, 481T→C, 590G→A, 857G→A, *4, *5, *6, *7, *12, *13, *14, rs9987109, rs1208 | |
| NCOA3 | nuclear receptor coactivator 3 | AIB1 | NCOA3 | |
| NOD2 | nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 | CARD15 | NOD2 | |
| NOS3 | nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell) | ENOS | ENOS, NOS3 | A(-922)G, SNP2, GLU298ASP, G894T |
| NOTCH1 | notch1 | NOTCH1 | ||
| NPPA | natriuretic peptide A | NPAA | 2238T→C | |
| P16 | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A | CDKN2A | P16 | |
| P53 | tumor suppressor | P53 | ||
| PI | glutathione S-transferase pi 1 | SERPINA1 | S, Z, ZZ | |
| PI7 | polymerase (DNA directed), epsilon 3, accessory subunit | POLE3 | P17 | |
| PIK3CA | phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha | PIK3CA | ||
| polA | polymerase (DNA directed), alpha 1, catalytic subunit | POLA1 | POLA | |
| PTPN22 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 | PTPN22 | ||
| RAD23B | RAD23 homolog B (S. cerevisiae) | RAD23B | ||
| RAF | rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma | RAF | ||
| Rag1 | recombination activating gene 1 | Rag1 | ||
| RAS | rat sarcoma | RAS | ||
| RASSF1A | Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 1 (A isoform) | RASSF1A | ||
| RUNX1 | runt-related transcription factor 1 | RUNX1 | ||
| SE | fucosyltransferase 2 | FUT2 | SE | Rs4646903 |
| SERPINA1 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (α-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 1 | AAT | SERPINA1 | PI*Z, SZ |
| SERPINE2 | serpin peptidase hihibotir, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2), member 2 | PI7 | SERPINE2 | |
| SERPINA3 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (α-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 3 | SERPINA3 | ||
| SOD2 | superoxide dismutase 2 | SOD2 | ||
| SOX5 | SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 5 | SOX5 | ||
| STK11 | serine/threonine protein kinase 11 | STK11 | ||
| SULT | sulfotransferase | SULT | ||
| SULT1A1 | sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 1A, phenol-preferring, member 1 | SULT1L1 | ARG/HIS, *HIS | |
| TGF-α | transforming growth factor-α | TGF- | TAQ1 | |
| TNFα | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) α | TNFα | ||
| TGF-β | transforming growth factor-β | TGF-β | ||
| TGF-β3 | transforming growth factor-β3 | TGF-β3 | CA, x5.1, 5′UTR.1, T-24in4C, C641A, G15572 | |
| TNFRSF10A | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10a | TNFRSF10A | ||
| TNFRSF10C | tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10c, decoy without an intracellular domain | TNFRSF10C | ||
| TP53 | tumor protein 53 | TP53 | ||
| TP63 | tumor protein 63 | TP63 | ||
| TRPA1 | transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 | TRPA1 | ||
| UGT1A7 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7 | UGT1A7 | SNP1 | |
| VEGF | vascular endothelian growth factor | VEGFA | VEGF | |
| XPC | xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group C | XPC | ||
| XPD | xeroderma pigmentosum. Complementation group D | ERCC2 | XPD | LYS751GLN, GLN/GLN |
| XPF | xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group F | ERCC4 | XPF | |
| XPG | xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group G | ERCC5 | XPG | |
| XRCC1 | x-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 1 | XRCC1 | ARG399GLN, ARG213HIS, ARG194TRP, ARG280HIS, C26602T, GLN632GLN, 194 ARG/ARG | |
| XRCC2 | x-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 2 | XRCC2 | ||
| XRCC3 | x-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 3 | XRCC3 | ||
| XRCC5 | x-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 5 | XRCC5 |
- Definitions and Alternative Nomenclature of Genetic Symbols Used in This Report ...Definitions and Alternative Nomenclature of Genetic Symbols Used in This Report - The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress
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