This review provides current perspectives on canine and feline (IBD) as documented in the literature. As can be seen, the scientific database on this clinical syndrome is minute. Empirical clinical observations and experiences are valuable but do not replace the "good science" that can be achieved by performance of basic science research studies and controlled therapeutic trials. Continued advances in immunobiology, particularly molecular biology, should facilitate a greater understanding of IBD in both humans and animals. Indeed, preliminary investigations using these research tools have provided new insights into the immunopathology of canine IBD.