There are only a few studies on the preverbal and language development of infants and toddlers with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the available literature indicates that HIV infection appears to compromise language development. No studies could be found on the oral-motor development of such children. This article reviews current research on the preverbal and language development of children with HIV from birth to 3 years of age and provides recommendations for future research. Information on several virus-related pathologies that can interfere with oral-motor integrity and development is also presented. Proper intervention to remediate language disorders and support oral-motor development of these children requires their comprehensive assessment, and a dynamic assessment strategy is recommended.