Abstract
Germ line mutations of the RET proto-oncogene are responsible for the development of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A), an inherited cancer syndrome characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and parathyroid hyperplasia. To study the mechanism of tissue-specific tumor development by RET with a MEN2A (cysteine 634-->arginine) mutation, we generated transgenic mice by introducing the RET-MEN2A gene fused to Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat. Expression of the transgene and its product was detected at variable levels in a variety of tissues including thyroid, heart, liver, colon, parotid gland, and brain. All of 29 mice analyzed developed thyroid C-cell hyperplasia or medullary carcinoma, accompanying high levels of serum calcitonin. In addition, development of mammary or parotid gland adenocarcinoma was observed in one-half of the transgenic mice. RET dimerization and its complex formation with Shc and Grb2 adaptor proteins were detected in tumor tissues. Unexpectedly, no tumor formation was found in other tissues despite RET-MEN2A expression where RET dimerization was undetectable. Because these tissues but not tumors expressed glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha (GFR alpha) at high levels, this suggested that GFR alpha expression may interfere in the dimerization of the RET-MEN2A mutant proteins, leading to tissue-specific tumor development in vivo.
Publication types
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Comparative Study
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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3T3 Cells / metabolism
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Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing*
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Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport*
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Animals
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Crosses, Genetic
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Dimerization
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Drosophila Proteins*
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Female
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GRB2 Adaptor Protein
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Gene Expression
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Germ-Line Mutation*
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Immunohistochemistry
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Male
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Mice, Inbred ICR
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Mice, Transgenic
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Moloney murine leukemia virus / genetics
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Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a / genetics*
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Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a / pathology
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Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b / genetics
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Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b / pathology
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Organ Specificity
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Phenotype
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Pregnancy
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Proteins / metabolism
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins / biosynthesis
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins / genetics*
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins / metabolism
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret
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Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / biosynthesis
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Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / genetics*
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Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / metabolism
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / biosynthesis
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / genetics
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Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins
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Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1
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Terminal Repeat Sequences / genetics
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Thyroid Neoplasms / genetics*
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Thyroid Neoplasms / pathology
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Transgenes
Substances
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Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
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Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport
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Drosophila Proteins
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GRB2 Adaptor Protein
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Grb2 protein, mouse
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Proteins
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins
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Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins
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Shc1 protein, mouse
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Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret
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Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
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Ret protein, Drosophila
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Ret protein, mouse