The yeast genes ODC1 and ODC2 encode members of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae family of mitochondrial transport proteins that transport oxodicarboxylates. In these studies, the ODC1 gene was identified as able, in low-copy, to rescue a yeast strain that is unable to grow on oleic acid but can grow on other nonfermentable carbon sources. ODC2 was shown to be a high-copy suppressor of this mutant. Odc1delta odc2delta double mutants are unable to grow on oleic acid at 36 degrees C. ODC1 mRNA and protein expression is elevated in oleic acid medium as compared to glucose or glycerol. The ODC1 promoter contains sequences required for the oleic acid response. However, regulation of ODC1 does not require the transcription factors Oaf1p and Pip2p, known to mediate oleic acid induction of other genes. These studies provide the first link between these mitochondrial transporters and peroxisomal beta-oxidation.