The stimulation and immortalisation of human peripheral blood B lymphocytes specific for Candida albicans antigen were investigated. An in vitro immunisation system was employed which involved pretreatment of mononuclear cells with L-leucyl L-leucine methyl ester which removes the suppressive effects of CD8+ T cells, NK cells and monocytes. The remaining cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells and dendritic cells, were cultured with antigen and a mixture of cytokines. A mixture of IL-2, -4 and -6 was found to be optimal for antibody production as determined by an Elispot assay. Transformation of the activated B cells by Epstein Barr virus was found to be optimal after 2 days and lines secreting anti-Candida antibodies were established. These lines could form the basis for specific monoclonal antibody production by generating hybridomas, or by a newly described technique whereby cDNA encoding antibody Fab regions is transferred into phage display libraries. The overall strategy might be generally applicable for the generation of human monoclonal antibodies to infectious agents.