The aims of this article are to review the situation of occupational health and safety and to describe research priority in this field in Thailand. Thailand is one of newly industrialized countries in Southeast Asia. Approximately half of the working population is still in agriculture. The data from Thai Workmen's Compensation Fund showed that incidence rate of occupational injuries and diseases was 3-4% each year. Almost were occupational injuries from various accidents in workplaces. At least 3 relevant governmental agencies, including Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Public Health, and Ministry of Industry, are responsible in occupational health and safety in the country. Nowadays, those agencies collaborate and develop projects and activities to prevent and control of the problems. Because of lack of staff and other resources, research priority is needed and has been developed recently. The framework of research needed focuses on research and development such as how to improve occupational health and safety management at all levels, setting up and development of standard guidelines for health and environmental assessment, and implementation of suitable control measures in workplaces. Finally, improvement of research system in the country is essential to cope with new occupational health problems in the near future.