Pollutant removal by horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands in Lithuania

J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2005;40(6-7):1467-78. doi: 10.1081/ese-200055889.

Abstract

Horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands recently have been developed in Lithuania. They ensure the efficient removal of nutrients and organic matter. This article analyses BOD5 and N and P removal efficiency with respect to filter loads. To achieve a normative wastewater treatment level according to BOD5 (25 mg O2 l(-1), loads of filters should not exceed 5.8 g m(-2) day(-1), that is, the treatment of wastewater produced by population equivalent requires a filter area of 10.5 m2. After treatment in filters total N of wastewater contains 55-85% of mineral N. Nitrite-N and nitrate-N make up 0.1% and 3.0% on average; the other part is composed of ammonia-N. Increasing total N concentrations contained in water outflow predetermine higher ammonia-N amounts. If water outflow contains 10 mg l(-1) of total N, ammonia-N makes up 51.5%; if it contains 40 mg l(-1), then ammonia-N makes up 81.0%. The average total nitrogen removal efficiency is 37-44%. P removal is affected by the physico-chemical characteristics of sand and qualitative composition of phosphorus contained in wastewater. P removal up to 2 mg l(-1) from domestic and other wastewater of similar composition requires no higher than 0.15 g m(-2)/day(-1) load of filters according to total P.

MeSH terms

  • Ammonia
  • Ecosystem*
  • Environment Design
  • Filtration
  • Lithuania
  • Nitrogen / isolation & purification*
  • Phosphorus / isolation & purification*
  • Waste Disposal, Fluid / methods*
  • Water Movements

Substances

  • Phosphorus
  • Ammonia
  • Nitrogen