Indolyl esters and amides related to indomethacin are selective COX-2 inhibitors

Bioorg Med Chem. 2005 Dec 15;13(24):6810-22. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.07.073. Epub 2005 Sep 19.

Abstract

Previous studies from our laboratory have revealed that esterification/amidation of the carboxylic acid moiety in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin, generates potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors. In the present study, a series of reverse ester/amide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as selective COX-2 inhibitors. Most of the reverse esters/amides displayed time-dependent COX-2 inhibition with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. Replacement of the 4-chlorobenzoyl group on the indole nitrogen with a 4-bromobenzyl moiety resulted in compounds that retained selective COX-2 inhibitory potency. In addition to inhibiting COX-2 activity in vitro, the reverse esters/amides also inhibited COX-2 activity in the mouse macrophage-like cell line, RAW264.7. Overall, this strategy broadens the scope of our previous methodology of neutralizing the carboxylic acid group in NSAIDs as a means of generating COX-2-selective inhibitors and is potentially applicable to other NSAIDs.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Amides / chemistry*
  • Animals
  • Cell Line
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism*
  • Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / chemical synthesis
  • Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / chemistry*
  • Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Esters / chemical synthesis
  • Esters / chemistry*
  • Esters / pharmacology*
  • Humans
  • Indoles / chemistry*
  • Indomethacin / chemistry*
  • Inhibitory Concentration 50
  • Mice
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Amides
  • Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
  • Esters
  • Indoles
  • indole
  • Cyclooxygenase 2
  • Indomethacin