Little is known about cyclic AMP (cAMP) function in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, despite its ability to encode 15 adenylate cyclases and 10 cNMP-binding proteins. M. tuberculosis Rv3676, which we have designated CRP(Mt), is predicted to be a cAMP-dependent transcription factor. In this study, we characterized CRP(Mt)'s interactions with DNA and cAMP, using experimental and computational approaches. We used Gibbs sampling to define a CRP(Mt) DNA motif that resembles the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) binding motif model for Escherichia coli. CRP(Mt) binding sites were identified in a total of 73 promoter regions regulating 114 genes in the M. tuberculosis genome, which are being explored as a regulon. Specific CRP(Mt) binding caused DNA bending, and the substitution of highly conserved nucleotides in the binding site resulted in a complete loss of binding to CRP(Mt). cAMP enhanced CRP(Mt)'s ability to bind DNA and caused allosteric alterations in CRP(Mt) conformation. These results provide the first direct evidence for cAMP binding to a transcription factor in M. tuberculosis, suggesting a role for cAMP signal transduction in M. tuberculosis and implicating CRP(Mt) as a cAMP-responsive global regulator.