Avian genomes: different karyotypes but a similar distribution of the GC-richest chromosome regions at interphase

Chromosome Res. 2005;13(8):785-93. doi: 10.1007/s10577-005-1012-7. Epub 2005 Dec 8.

Abstract

The chicken karyotype, like that of the vast majority of avian species, shows a large number of dot-shaped microchromosomes that are characterized, like most telomeric regions of the macrochromosomes, by the highest GC levels and the highest gene densities. In interphase nuclei, these gene-dense regions are centrally located, and are characterized by an open chromatin structure (a similar situation also exists in mammals). Avian species belonging to the Accipitridae family (diurnal raptors) show a karyotype with no very large chromosomes, and with only a very small number of microchromosomes. To identify the GC-rich (and gene-rich) regions of the chromosomes and nuclei from Accipitridae, we performed heterologous in-situ hybridizations using chicken GC-richest isochores as probes. Our results clearly show that the gene-rich regions are prevalently located in the few microchromosome pairs and in the telomeric regions of the middle-sized chromosomes, as well as in the interior of the interphase nuclei. This result is consistent with a common organization of the genome in the nuclei of warm-blooded vertebrates. Indeed, in spite of the different size and morphology of the chromosomes, the gene-dense regions are always located in the interior of the nuclei.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Chickens / genetics*
  • Chromosomes / ultrastructure
  • GC Rich Sequence*
  • Genome*
  • In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / methods
  • Interphase* / genetics
  • Isochores / genetics
  • Metaphase / genetics
  • Raptors / genetics*
  • Species Specificity

Substances

  • Isochores