The spectral dimension of the universe is scale dependent

Phys Rev Lett. 2005 Oct 21;95(17):171301. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.171301. Epub 2005 Oct 20.

Abstract

We measure the spectral dimension of universes emerging from nonperturbative quantum gravity, defined through state sums of causal triangulated geometries. While four dimensional on large scales, the quantum universe appears two dimensional at short distances. We conclude that quantum gravity may be "self-renormalizing" at the Planck scale, by virtue of a mechanism of dynamical dimensional reduction.