Abstract
Zanthoxylum piperitum (Rutaceae) is used as a spice and a natural medicine in Japan. Our study found that ZP-CT-A, a polymeric proanthocyanidin purified from the fruit of this species, noticeably decreased the minimum inhibitory concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The structure of ZP-CT-A was characterized on the basis of (13)C NMR and size exclusion chromatographic data and the results of thiolytic degradation. A mechanistic study of the effects of ZP-CT-A indicated that it suppressed the activity of beta-lactamase and largely decreased the stability of the bacterial cell membrane of MRSA, as shown by a reduction in the tolerance of MRSA to low osmotic pressure and high ionic strength solutions.
MeSH terms
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Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry
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Anti-Bacterial Agents / isolation & purification
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Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology*
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Biflavonoids / chemistry
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Biflavonoids / isolation & purification
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Biflavonoids / pharmacology*
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Catechin / chemistry
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Catechin / isolation & purification
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Catechin / pharmacology*
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Cell Proliferation
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Flavonoids / chemistry*
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Fruit / chemistry*
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Methicillin Resistance* / drug effects
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Molecular Structure
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Osmolar Concentration
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Oxacillin / pharmacology
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Phenols / chemistry*
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Polyphenols
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Proanthocyanidins / chemistry
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Proanthocyanidins / isolation & purification
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Proanthocyanidins / pharmacology*
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Staphylococcus aureus / cytology
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Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects*
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Structure-Activity Relationship
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Sulfhydryl Compounds / chemistry
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Zanthoxylum / chemistry*
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beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
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beta-Lactamases / metabolism
Substances
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Anti-Bacterial Agents
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Biflavonoids
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Flavonoids
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Phenols
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Polyphenols
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Proanthocyanidins
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Sulfhydryl Compounds
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ZP-CT-A compound
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beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
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procyanidin
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Catechin
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beta-Lactamases
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Oxacillin