We evaluated the intra- and peri-domiciliary distribution of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus in urban, suburban, and rural districts in the municipalities of Nova Iguaçu and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from August 2002 to July 2004. Mostly Ae. aegypti females and males were captured in urban areas (56%) and indoors (78%), suggesting a preference by this species to rest inside houses and in areas with high human density, a behavior that favors vector-human contact. Meanwhile, Ae. albopictus females and males were much more common in rural areas (93%) and outdoors (90%), demonstrating their preference to rest in areas with more vegetation, reducing both the probability of vector-human contact and thus their potential role in dengue transmission in the area.