Effects of placement and bereavement on psychological well-being and cardiovascular risk in Alzheimer's caregivers: a longitudinal analysis

J Psychosom Res. 2007 Apr;62(4):439-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.10.011.

Abstract

Objective: We examined the impact of Alzheimer caregiver transitions (i.e., placement and bereavement) on psychological outcomes and on plasma D-dimer levels, an end product of the coagulation cascade associated with increased cardiovascular risk.

Methods: This was a prospective study in which 126 spousal caregivers of Alzheimer's patients were assessed each year for 5 years. We used random regression models to evaluate discontinuous change in our outcomes over time, with emphasis on the impact of caregiver transitions on psychological and physical well-being.

Results: Caregivers experienced immediate improvement in overload and mastery following transitions, and these improvements were maintained over time. There was also a significant drop in depressive symptoms immediately following placement of spouses. D-dimer rose significantly over time but began to significantly decline at 6-months posttransitions.

Conclusions: Caregiver transitions appear to produce immediate and long-term "normalization" of psychological health in caregivers. This normalization also appears related to "downstream" reductions in D-dimer.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adaptation, Psychological / physiology
  • Aged
  • Alzheimer Disease / psychology*
  • Alzheimer Disease / therapy
  • Bereavement*
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / blood
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / diagnosis
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / psychology*
  • Caregivers / psychology*
  • Cost of Illness
  • Depression / blood
  • Depression / diagnosis
  • Depression / psychology
  • Female
  • Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Internal-External Control
  • Long-Term Care / psychology
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Patient Admission*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Quality of Life / psychology*
  • Risk Factors

Substances

  • Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products
  • fibrin fragment D