Crystallization of colloidal hard spheres under gravity

Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2007 Jun;75(6 Pt 1):061404. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.061404. Epub 2007 Jun 22.

Abstract

Using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, we study the crystallization of colloidal hard spheres under gravity. More specifically, we investigate the nature of the freezing transition as a function of gravity and chemical potential of the hard spheres. We find a discontinuous freezing transition where several fluid layers close to the bottom of the sample freeze simultaneously, i.e., at the same chemical potential. We also find that the number of layers that freezes at the same chemical potential decreases for higher gravitational field strength. Upon increasing the chemical potential further, the crystalline film thickness increases continuously.