In this study the oxidative behavior of carbons derived from cellulose and lignin were compared using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Specific surface area and chemical composition of the two types of carbon were analyzed using nitrogen adsorption at 77K and infrared spectroscopy respectively. The results demonstrate that cellulose carbon has a higher reaction order and lower activation energy than lignin carbon under identical experimental conditions when they were prepared at temperatures lower than 500 degrees C. However, such differences were considerably reduced for the carbon samples prepared at temperatures greater than 700 degrees C. It was verified that lignin carbon is more stable than cellulose carbon due to its higher content of aromatic structures when they are prepared at lower temperature. The specific surface area and porosity have a more limited contribution to the differential oxidative behaviors of the two types of carbon. This research has significance related to the formation of carbon nanotubes from plant materials during low temperature carbonization.