Conformations of N-heterocyclic carbene ligands in ruthenium complexes relevant to olefin metathesis

J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Feb 11;131(5):1931-8. doi: 10.1021/ja8078913.

Abstract

The structure of ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalyst 3 and model pi-complex 5 in solution and in the solid state are reported. The N-tolyl ligands, due to their lower symmetry than the traditional N-mesityl substituents, complicate this analysis, but ultimately provide explanation for the enhanced reactivity of 3 relative to standard catalyst 2. The tilt of the N-tolyl ring provides additional space near the ruthenium center, which is consistent with the enhanced reactivity of 3 toward sterically demanding substrates. Due to this tilt, the more sterically accessible face bears the two methyl substituents of the N-aryl rings. These experimental studies are supported by computational studies of these complexes by DFT. The experimental data provides a means to validate the accuracy of the B3LYP and M06 functionals. B3LYP provides geometries that match X-ray crystal structural data more closely, though it leads to slightly less (approximately 0.5 kcal mol-1) accuracy than M06 most likely because it underestimates attractive noncovalent interactions.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Benzylidene Compounds / chemistry*
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Heterocyclic Compounds / chemistry*
  • Ligands
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / methods
  • Methane / analogs & derivatives
  • Methane / chemistry
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Quantum Theory
  • Ruthenium / chemistry*
  • X-Ray Diffraction

Substances

  • Benzylidene Compounds
  • Heterocyclic Compounds
  • Ligands
  • carbene
  • Ruthenium
  • Methane