Previous studies have demonstrated that polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) can be used to image natural and artificial caries in dentin. The purpose of this study was to measure nondestructively the severity of artificial caries lesions in dentin and determine the efficacy of intervention with anticaries agents including fluoride and lasers. Although several studies have assessed the utility of PS-OCT to image caries lesions in enamel and to quantify the lesion severity, only a few studies have focused on lesions in dentin. In this study, images of artificial dentin lesions on extracted human teeth were acquired with PS-OCT. Before exposure to an artificial demineralizing solution, three incisions were made on the sample surfaces using either Er:YAG, Nd:YAG (lambda = 355 nm), or TEA CO(2) lasers and selected areas were treated with topical fluoride to create six unique treatment areas for each of the three laser conditions investigated. The integrated reflectivity and depth of demineralization were calculated for each of the six areas on each sample using the PS-OCT images. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) and transverse microradiography (TMR) were used to measure lesion severity on histological thin sections for comparison. PS-OCT successfully measured the inhibition of demineralization by topical fluoride. Laser irradiation was not particularly effective in increasing or decreasing the rate of dentin demineralization. PLM and TMR corroborated those results. This study demonstrates that PS-OCT can be used to measure demineralization on dentin surfaces and determine the degree of inhibition of demineralization by anticaries agents.