7-ketocholesterol incorporation into sphingolipid/cholesterol-enriched (lipid raft) domains is impaired by vitamin E: a specific role for alpha-tocopherol with consequences on cell death

J Biol Chem. 2009 Jun 5;284(23):15826-34. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M808641200. Epub 2009 Apr 7.

Abstract

Cholesterol oxides, in particular 7-ketocholesterol, are proatherogenic compounds that induce cell death in the vascular wall when localized in lipid raft domains of the cell membrane. Deleterious effects of 7-ketocholesterol can be prevented by vitamin E, but the molecular mechanism involved is unclear. In this study, unlike gamma-tocopherol, the alpha-tocopherol vitamin E form was found to prevent 7-ketocholesterol-mediated apoptosis of A7R5 smooth muscle cells. To be operative, alpha-tocopherol needed to be added to the cells before 7-ketocholesterol, and its anti-apoptotic effect was reduced and even suppressed when added together or after 7-ketocholesterol, respectively. Both pre- and co-treatment of the cells with alpha-tocopherol resulted in the redistribution of 7-ketocholesterol out of the sphingolipid/cholesterol-enriched (lipid raft) domains. In turn, fewer amounts of alpha-tocopherol associated with lipid rafts on 7-ketocholesterol-pretreated cells compared with untreated cells, with no prevention of cell death in this case. In further support of the implication of lipid raft domains, the dephosphorylation/inactivation of Akt-PKB was involved in the 7-ketocholesterol-induced apoptosis. Akt-PKB dephosphorylation was prevented by alpha-tocopherol, but not gamma-tocopherol pretreatment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aorta
  • Cell Death / physiology*
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Membrane Permeability
  • Cholesterol / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / metabolism
  • Ketocholesterols / metabolism*
  • Membrane Microdomains / metabolism*
  • Membrane Potentials
  • Mitochondrial Membranes / physiology
  • Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / cytology
  • Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / physiology*
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Sphingolipids / metabolism*
  • Tocopherols / metabolism
  • Vitamin E / pharmacology*
  • alpha-Tocopherol / metabolism*

Substances

  • Ketocholesterols
  • Sphingolipids
  • Vitamin E
  • Cholesterol
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
  • alpha-Tocopherol
  • 7-ketocholesterol
  • Tocopherols