delta-Tocotrienol suppresses VEGF induced angiogenesis whereas alpha-tocopherol does not

J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Sep 23;57(18):8696-704. doi: 10.1021/jf9012899.

Abstract

Recently, tocotrienol (T3), a less well-known form of vitamin E, has gained considerable attention as a potent antiangiogenic agent. However, the majority of vitamin E research has focused on tocopherol (Toc), with some studies indicating alpha-Toc may prevent tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we aimed to clarify the differences in antiangiogenic potential between delta-T3 and alpha-Toc. We showed delta-T3 (2.5-5 microM) completely abolished proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), whereas a similar dose of alpha-Toc had no such effects. delta-T3 suppressed VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) signaling, and activated caspases in HUVECs. In addition, via an in vivo mouse Matrigel plug angiogenesis assay, we found that delta-T3 (30 microg), but not alpha-Toc, inhibited tumor cell-induced vessel formation. In summary, our results demonstrate delta-T3 has superior antiangiogenic activities to alpha-Toc, and provide insights into the different mechanisms responsible for this effect of T3 and Toc.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Caspases / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / blood supply
  • Endothelial Cells
  • Enzyme Activation / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Mice, Nude
  • Neoplasm Transplantation
  • Neovascularization, Pathologic / prevention & control
  • Neovascularization, Physiologic / drug effects*
  • Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Umbilical Veins
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / pharmacology*
  • Vitamin E / administration & dosage
  • Vitamin E / analogs & derivatives*
  • Vitamin E / pharmacology
  • alpha-Tocopherol / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • Vitamin E
  • tocotrienol, delta
  • Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
  • Caspases
  • alpha-Tocopherol