Abstract
The associations of inflammation/immune responses with clinical presentations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear. We hypothesized that TNF-alpha and elevated antibodies to periodontal bacteria would be greater in AD compared to normal controls (NL) and their combination would aid clinical diagnosis of AD. Plasma TNF-alpha and antibodies against periodontal bacteria were elevated in AD patients compared with NL and independently associated with AD. The number of positive IgG to periodontal bacteria incremented the TNF-alpha classification of clinical AD and NL. This study shows that TNF-alpha and elevated numbers of antibodies against periodontal bacteria associate with AD and contribute to the AD diagnosis.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adult
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Aged
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Alzheimer Disease / immunology*
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Alzheimer Disease / microbiology*
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Alzheimer Disease / physiopathology
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Antibodies / analysis
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Antibodies / metabolism*
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Bacteria / immunology
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Biomarkers / analysis
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Biomarkers / metabolism
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Causality
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Comorbidity
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Diagnosis, Differential
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Periodontitis / immunology*
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Periodontitis / microbiology*
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Periodontitis / physiopathology
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Periodontium / immunology
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Periodontium / microbiology
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Predictive Value of Tests
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / analysis
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism*
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Up-Regulation / immunology
Substances
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Antibodies
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Biomarkers
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha