Docking simulation and competitive experiments validate the interaction between the 2,5-xylidine inhibitor and Rigidoporus lignosus laccase

J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2010 Feb;27(4):501-10. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2010.10507334.

Abstract

Laccases are polyphenol oxidases which oxidize a broad range of reducing substrates, preferably phenolic compounds, and their use in biotechnological applications is increasing. Recently, the first X-ray structure of active laccase from white rot fungus Rigidoporus lignosus has been reported containing a full complement of copper ions. Comparison among selected fungal laccases of known 3D structure has shown that the Rigidoporus lignosus laccase has a very high similarity with the Trametes versicolor laccase that, being co-crystallized with 2,5-xylidine, shows a well defined binding pocket for the substrate. Global sequence alignment between Rigidoporus lignosus and Trametes versicolor laccases shows 73% of identity but, surprisingly, there is no identity and neither conservative substitutions between the residues composing the loops directly contacting the 2,5-xylidine. Moreover the structural alignment of these two enzymes identifies in these loops a striking structural similarity proposing the question if 2,5- xylidine may bind in same enzyme pocket. Here we report the protein-ligand docking simulation of 3D structure of Rigidoporus -lignosus laccase and 2,5-xylidine. Docking simulation analyses show that spatial conformation of the two 2,5-xylidine binding pockets, despite differences in the residues directly contacting the ligand, may arrange a similar pocket that allows a comparable accommodation of the inhibitor. To validate these results the binding of 2,5-xylidine in the substrate cavity has been confirmed by kinetic competitive experiments.

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Aniline Compounds / chemistry*
  • Aniline Compounds / metabolism*
  • Basidiomycota / chemistry
  • Basidiomycota / enzymology*
  • Basidiomycota / genetics
  • Binding Sites
  • Binding, Competitive
  • Catalytic Domain
  • Computer Simulation
  • Crystallization
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Laccase / chemistry*
  • Laccase / genetics
  • Laccase / metabolism*
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Protein Conformation
  • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Substances

  • Aniline Compounds
  • 2,5-xylidene
  • Laccase