Third moments of conserved charges as probes of QCD phase structure

Phys Rev Lett. 2009 Dec 31;103(26):262301. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.262301. Epub 2009 Dec 28.

Abstract

The third moments of conserved charges, the baryon and electric charge numbers, and energy, as well as their mixed moments, carry more information on the state around the QCD phase boundary than previously proposed fluctuation observables and higher order moments. In particular, their signs give plenty of information on the location of the state created in relativistic heavy ion collisions in the temperature and baryon chemical potential plane. We demonstrate this with an effective model.