A limited number of reports exist regarding the systematic investigation or comparison of the fatigue strength of titanium alloys for medical devices, including plain, fretting and notch fatigue, for improvement through various treatments and processes, with respect to related microstructures. This article focuses on the changes and improvements in fatigue strength of newly developed beta-type and practically used alpha + beta-titanium alloys for medical devices through heat treatments, thermomechanical treatments and surface modifications.