Comparative antioxidant activity of an extract of Lithraea molleoides and an isolated 5-alkyl resorcinol derivative. Effects on the proliferation of normal and tumoral lymphocytes

Lithraea molleoides (Vell.) Engl. (Anacardiaceae), is known in South America for its medicinal properties: antiarthritic, haemostatic, diuretic, tonic and useful for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Previously the isolation of a new cytotoxic 5-alkyl resorcinol derivative, 1,3-dihydroxy-5-(tridec-4',7'-dienyl) benzene, from a dichloromethane extract (DM) was reported. The aim of this work was to determine and to compare the antioxidant activity of DM and the isolated compound, 1,3-dihydroxy-5-(tridec-4',7'-dienyl) benzene. Moreover, the activity of both on the proliferation of tumoral and normal lymphocytes was determined. The compound was isolated and quantified by HPLC. The compound represented 0.036% of DM. The extract and the compound exerted antioxidant activity by DPPH and FTC methods. On tumoral cells, both exerted antiproliferative action but the compound was more active (EC(50) : 17.4 ± 1 µg/mL). On normal lymphocytes, both exerted a stimulatory effect on cell proliferation inversely related to concentration, the extract was more active than the compound (maximum effect: 300 ± 20% of stimulation). Most of the effects observed with the extract were independent of the isolated compound. DM could be an important source of antioxidant and immunomodulatory compounds to be studied on cancer diseases.