Cutting edge: TCR ligation triggers digital activation of NF-kappaB

J Immunol. 2010 Oct 15;185(8):4520-4. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001051. Epub 2010 Sep 20.

Abstract

TCR-mediated activation of the transcription factor NF-κB is required for T cell proliferation, survival, and effector differentiation. Although this pathway is the subject of intense study, it is not known whether TCR signaling to NF-κB is digital (switch-like) or analog in nature. Through analysis of the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα and the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of the NF-κB subunit RelA, we show that TCR-directed NF-κB activation is digital. Furthermore, digitization occurs well upstream of the IκB kinase complex, as protein kinase C translocation to the immunologic synapse and activation-associated aggregation of Bcl10 and Malt1 also demonstrate both digital behavior and high correlation with RelA nuclear translocation. Thus, similar to the TCR-to-MAPK signaling cascade, analog Ag inputs are converted to digital activation outputs to NF-κB at an early step downstream of TCR ligation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Separation
  • Enzyme Activation
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Humans
  • I-kappa B Proteins / immunology
  • I-kappa B Proteins / metabolism
  • Jurkat Cells
  • Lymphocyte Activation / immunology*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha
  • NF-kappa B / immunology
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism*
  • Phosphorylation
  • Protein Transport / immunology
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / immunology
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / metabolism*
  • Signal Transduction / immunology*

Substances

  • I-kappa B Proteins
  • NF-kappa B
  • NFKBIA protein, human
  • Nfkbia protein, mouse
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
  • NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha