{alpha}V{beta}3-integrin routes herpes simplex virus to an entry pathway dependent on cholesterol-rich lipid rafts and dynamin2

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Dec 21;107(51):22260-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1014923108. Epub 2010 Dec 6.

Abstract

HSVs enter cells in a receptor-dependent [nectin1 or herpesviruses entry mediator (HVEM)] fashion by fusion of the viral envelope with plasma membrane (neutral pH compartment), by endocytosis into neutral or acidic compartments, or by macropinocytosis/phagocytosis. The cellular determinants of the route of entry are unknown. Here, we asked what cellular factors determine the pathway of HSV entry. CHO cells lack β(3)-integrin and the respective α-subunits' heterodimers. We report that, in the absence of α(V)β(3)-integrin, HSV enters CHO-nectin1 cells through a pathway independent of cholesterol-rich rafts and dynamin2. In the presence of α(V)β(3)-integrin, HSV enters CHO-nectin1 cells through a pathway dependent on cholesterol-rich rafts and dynamin2. HSV enters J-nectin1 and 293T cells through a neutral compartment independent of cholesterol-rich rafts and dynamin2. α(V)β(3)-integrin overexpression in these cells modifies the route of entry to an acidic compartment dependent on cholesterol-rich rafts and dynamin2, hence similar to that in α(V)β(3)-integrin-positive CHO-nectin1 cells. In some cells, the diversion of entry from an integrin- and raft-independent pathway to an acidic compartment requiring cholesterol-rich lipids rafts and dynamin2 is irreversible. Indeed, HSV cannot infect CHO-nectin1-α(V)β(3) cells through any compartment when the αvβ3-integrin-dependent pathway is blocked by anti-integrin antibody, anti-dynamin2, or anti-acidification drugs. We conclude that the αvβ3-integrin is a determinant in the choice of HSV entry pathway into cells. Because the pathway dictated by αvβ3-integrin is through lipid rafts, the platforms for a number of Toll-like receptors, current findings raise the possibility that αvβ3-integrin acts as a sentinel of innate immunity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies / pharmacology
  • CHO Cells
  • Cell Adhesion Molecules / genetics
  • Cell Adhesion Molecules / immunology
  • Cell Adhesion Molecules / metabolism
  • Cholesterol / genetics
  • Cholesterol / immunology
  • Cholesterol / metabolism
  • Cricetinae
  • Cricetulus
  • Dynamin II / genetics
  • Dynamin II / immunology
  • Dynamin II / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate / drug effects
  • Immunity, Innate / physiology
  • Integrin alphaVbeta3 / genetics
  • Integrin alphaVbeta3 / immunology
  • Integrin alphaVbeta3 / metabolism*
  • Membrane Microdomains / genetics
  • Membrane Microdomains / immunology
  • Membrane Microdomains / metabolism*
  • Nectins
  • Simplexvirus / physiology*
  • Virus Internalization*

Substances

  • Antibodies
  • Cell Adhesion Molecules
  • Integrin alphaVbeta3
  • NECTIN1 protein, human
  • Nectins
  • Cholesterol
  • Dynamin II