Abstract
Parasites like malaria and Toxoplasma possess a vestigial plastid homologous to the chloroplasts of plants. The plastid (known as the apicoplast) is non-photosynthetic but retains many hallmarks of its ancestry including a circular genome that it synthesises proteins from and a suite of biosynthetic pathways of cyanobacterial origin. In this review, the discovery of the apicoplast and its integration, function and purpose are explored. New insights into the apicoplast fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and some novel roles of the apicoplast in vaccine development are reviewed.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Antiprotozoal Agents / pharmacology
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Apicomplexa / drug effects
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Apicomplexa / immunology
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Apicomplexa / metabolism
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Apicomplexa / physiology*
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Fatty Acids / biosynthesis*
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Immunity
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Intracellular Membranes / immunology
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Intracellular Membranes / metabolism
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Intracellular Membranes / physiology
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Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
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Plastids / drug effects
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Plastids / immunology
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Plastids / metabolism
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Plastids / physiology*
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Plastids / ultrastructure
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Protein Transport
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Protozoan Infections / immunology
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Protozoan Infections / parasitology
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Protozoan Infections / therapy
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Symbiosis
Substances
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Antiprotozoal Agents
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Fatty Acids