Team-based learning (TBL) is an active learning method developed to help students achieve course objectives while learning how to function in teams. Many faculty members have adopted TBL because it is a unique teaching method, but evidence about its effectiveness is unclear. Seventeen original studies on TBL are presented in this systematic review of research. The studies include descriptive, explanatory, and experimental research published from 2003 to 2011 in the nursing, medical, education, and business literature. Generally, students are satisfied with TBL and student engagement is higher in TBL classes. Evidence also exists that students in TBL classes score higher on examinations. However, further high-quality experimental studies are needed to confirm that TBL positively affects examination scores and other learning outcomes and to determine whether TBL produces students who have the ability to function well in groups.