5-ALA-PDT induces RIP3-dependent necrosis in glioblastoma

Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2011 Dec;10(12):1868-78. doi: 10.1039/c1pp05213f. Epub 2011 Oct 28.

Abstract

Glioblastoma constitute the most frequent and deadliest brain tumors of astrocytic origin. They are resistant to all current therapies and are associated with a high rate of recurrence. Glioblastoma were previously shown to respond to treatments by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) mainly by activating a necrotic type of cell death. The receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) has recently been outlined as a key mediator of this caspase-independent form of programmed cell death. In the present study, we analyzed the necrotic mechanism induced by 5-ALA-PDT in human glioblastoma cells and explored the role of RIP3 in this context. Our results show that PDT-induced necrosis is dependent on RIP3, which forms aggregates and colocalizes with RIP1 following photosensitization. We demonstrate that PDT-mediated singlet oxygen production is the cause of RIP3-dependent necrotic pathway activation. We also prove that PDT induces the formation of a pro-necrotic complex containing RIP3 and RIP1 but lacking caspase-8 and FADD, two proteins usually part of the necrosome when TNF-α is used as a stimulus. Thus, we hypothesize that PDT might lead to the formation of a different necrosome whose components, besides RIP1 and RIP3, are still unknown. In most cases, glioblastoma are characterized by a constitutive activation of NF-κB. This factor is a key regulator of various processes, such as inflammation, immune response, cell growth or apoptosis. Its inhibition was shown to further sensitize glioblastoma cells to PDT-induced necrosis, however, no difference in RIP3 upshift or aggregation could be observed when NF-κB was inhibited.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aminolevulinic Acid / chemistry
  • Aminolevulinic Acid / pharmacology*
  • Aminolevulinic Acid / therapeutic use
  • Apoptosis
  • Caspase 8 / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein / metabolism
  • Glioblastoma / drug therapy
  • Humans
  • NF-kappa B / antagonists & inhibitors
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism
  • Necrosis* / chemically induced
  • Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins / metabolism
  • Photochemotherapy
  • Photosensitizing Agents / chemistry
  • Photosensitizing Agents / pharmacology*
  • Photosensitizing Agents / therapeutic use
  • RNA Interference
  • RNA, Small Interfering / metabolism
  • RNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / genetics
  • Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism*
  • Singlet Oxygen / metabolism
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism

Substances

  • AGFG1 protein, human
  • Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein
  • NF-kappa B
  • Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins
  • Photosensitizing Agents
  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • RNA-Binding Proteins
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Singlet Oxygen
  • Aminolevulinic Acid
  • RIPK3 protein, human
  • Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • Caspase 8