Local anesthesia: agents, techniques, and complications

Dent Clin North Am. 2012 Jan;56(1):133-48, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2011.08.003.

Abstract

This article outlines the different classes of local anesthetics available for dental procedures. It also gives an overview of the mechanism of action and metabolism of each different class of local anesthetic. Furthermore, it discusses indications and contraindications of each local anesthetic and the proper dosage of each. The techniques for the administration of local anesthetics with the relevant anatomy are explained. An overview is given of the possible complications that can occur because of local anesthetic use and their possible treatment options.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Topical
  • Anesthesia, Dental / adverse effects
  • Anesthesia, Dental / methods*
  • Anesthesia, Local / adverse effects
  • Anesthesia, Local / methods*
  • Anesthetics, Combined / administration & dosage
  • Anesthetics, Combined / classification
  • Anesthetics, Local / administration & dosage
  • Anesthetics, Local / classification*
  • Contraindications
  • Drug Hypersensitivity / etiology
  • Humans
  • Injections / adverse effects
  • Mandibular Nerve / drug effects
  • Maxillary Nerve / drug effects
  • Nerve Block / methods
  • Pain / etiology
  • Paresthesia / etiology
  • Trismus / etiology

Substances

  • Anesthetics, Combined
  • Anesthetics, Local