Abstract
Aptamers, or nucleic acid ligands, have gained clinical interest over the past 20 years due to their unique characteristics, which are a combination of the best facets of small molecules and antibodies. The high binding affinity and specificity of aptamers allows for isolation of an artificial ligand for theoretically any therapeutic target of interest. Chemical manipulations of aptamers also allow for fine-tuning of their bioavailability, and antidote control greatly expands their clinical use. Here we review the various methods of antidote control of aptamer therapeutics--matched oligonucleotide antidotes and universal antidotes. We also describe the development, recent progress, and potential future therapeutic applications of these types of aptamer-antidote pairs.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Anticoagulants / adverse effects
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Anticoagulants / chemistry
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Anticoagulants / pharmacology*
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Anticoagulants / therapeutic use
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Antidotes / adverse effects
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Antidotes / chemistry
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Antidotes / pharmacology*
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Antidotes / therapeutic use
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Aptamers, Nucleotide / adverse effects
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Aptamers, Nucleotide / chemistry
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Aptamers, Nucleotide / pharmacology*
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Aptamers, Nucleotide / therapeutic use
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Drug Delivery Systems
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Drug Design
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Humans
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Ligands
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Models, Molecular
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Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / adverse effects
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Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / chemistry
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Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / pharmacology*
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Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / therapeutic use
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Protein Binding
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Protein Conformation
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SELEX Aptamer Technique*
Substances
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Anticoagulants
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Antidotes
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Aptamers, Nucleotide
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Ligands
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Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors