This longitudinal study examined the development of communicative gesture in 16 preterm children and two groups of full term children at 12, 18 and 24 months of age. Children's spontaneous communicative gestures were analyzed during mother-child observation sessions. Preterm children's motor, mental and linguistic development were also measured. The development of gestural communication did not significantly differ between the groups except for the use of gesture-plus-word combinations at 18 and 24 months, when full term children produced significantly more combinations than preterm children. For preterm children, the production of pointing at 12 months was positively associated with lexical skills at 24 months as was the use of gestures-plus-word utterances at 18 months with morphosyntactic skills at 24 months. Our analyses also revealed a subgroup of preterm children characterized by a low birth-weight and mental scores who demonstrated an enduring increase in communicative gesture production over time. This profile could be associated with later delays in language acquisition.
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