Abstract
Calcium is the most abundant cation in the human body, of which approximately 99% occurs in bone, contributing to its rigidity and strength. Bone also functions as a reservoir of Ca for its role in multiple physiologic and biochemical processes. This article aims to provide a thorough understanding of the absorptive mechanisms and factors affecting these processes to enable one to better appreciate an individual's Ca needs, and to provide a rationale for correcting Ca deficiencies. An overview of Ca requirements and suggested dosing regimens is presented, with discussion of various Ca preparations and potential toxicities of Ca treatment.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Bone Development
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Bone and Bones / metabolism*
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Calcium / deficiency*
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Calcium / metabolism*
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Calcium Channels / metabolism
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Calcium, Dietary / administration & dosage
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Calcium, Dietary / adverse effects
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Calcium, Dietary / metabolism
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Calcium, Dietary / therapeutic use*
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Dietary Supplements / adverse effects
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Enterocytes / metabolism
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Female
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Fractures, Bone / prevention & control
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Humans
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Intestinal Absorption
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Intestine, Small / growth & development
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Intestine, Small / metabolism
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Male
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Nutritional Requirements
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Osteoporosis / diet therapy
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Osteoporosis / etiology
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Osteoporosis / prevention & control
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TRPV Cation Channels / metabolism
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Vitamin D / metabolism
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Vitamin D / therapeutic use
Substances
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Calcium Channels
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Calcium, Dietary
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TRPV Cation Channels
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TRPV6 protein, human
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Vitamin D
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Calcium