One-step circumferential endoscopic mucosal cap resection of Barrett's esophagus with early neoplasia

Background and objective: Focal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of visible intraepithelial lesions arising within Barrett's esophagus (BE) may miss synchronous lesions that are not endoscopically apparent. Stepwise radical endoscopic resection would obviate this concern by removing all BE; however, it requires repeated endoscopy which may increase the risk of complications, particularly for patients with circumferential BE. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of one-step complete circumferential resection of BE by cap-assisted EMR (EMR-C) among patients with circumferential BE and high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma.

Patients and methods: Between January 2003 and March 2010, 47 patients with circumferential BE and biopsy-proven high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal cancer underwent EMR-C. We evaluated: (1) complete eradication of neoplasia, (2) complete eradication of metaplasia, and (3) complications including bleeding and esophageal stricture.

Results: Complete eradication of neoplasia and complete eradication of metaplasia were achieved after a median follow-up of 18.4 months in 91% (43/47) of patients. After EMR-C, two patients (one IMC, one invasive cancer) underwent esophagectomy. Histology of the resected specimens showed no residual disease and a T1bN0 lesion, respectively. Two patients had progression of neoplasia. A stenosis occurred in 18 out of 45 patients (40%). All stenoses were treated with dilations and two required temporary placement of a covered stent.

Conclusion: One-step complete EMR-C is a safe and effective technique which can be considered in patients with early neoplastic lesions. Although 40% of patients developed dysphagia, this could well be managed endoscopically.