Xyolide, a bioactive nonenolide from an Amazonian endophytic fungus, Xylaria feejeensis

Endophytes isolated from tropical plants represent a largely untapped reservoir of bioactive secondary metabolites. We screened a library of fungal endophyte extracts for inhibition of the plant pathogen, Pythium ultimum, and purified an active compound using bioassay-guided fractionation. A new nonenolide, (4S,7S,8S,9R)-4-O-succinyl-7,8-dihydroxy-9-heptyl-nonen-9-olide, was isolated and named xyolide. The structure was elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR methods and the absolute configuration was determined by exciton-coupled circular dichroism. The MIC of xyolide against P. ultimum was 425 µM.