Influence of pollen nutrition on honey bee health: do pollen quality and diversity matter?

PLoS One. 2013 Aug 5;8(8):e72016. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072016. Print 2013.

Abstract

Honey bee colonies are highly dependent upon the availability of floral resources from which they get the nutrients (notably pollen) necessary to their development and survival. However, foraging areas are currently affected by the intensification of agriculture and landscape alteration. Bees are therefore confronted to disparities in time and space of floral resource abundance, type and diversity, which might provide inadequate nutrition and endanger colonies. The beneficial influence of pollen availability on bee health is well-established but whether quality and diversity of pollen diets can modify bee health remains largely unknown. We therefore tested the influence of pollen diet quality (different monofloral pollens) and diversity (polyfloral pollen diet) on the physiology of young nurse bees, which have a distinct nutritional physiology (e.g. hypopharyngeal gland development and vitellogenin level), and on the tolerance to the microsporidian parasite Nosemaceranae by measuring bee survival and the activity of different enzymes potentially involved in bee health and defense response (glutathione-S-transferase (detoxification), phenoloxidase (immunity) and alkaline phosphatase (metabolism)). We found that both nurse bee physiology and the tolerance to the parasite were affected by pollen quality. Pollen diet diversity had no effect on the nurse bee physiology and the survival of healthy bees. However, when parasitized, bees fed with the polyfloral blend lived longer than bees fed with monofloral pollens, excepted for the protein-richest monofloral pollen. Furthermore, the survival was positively correlated to alkaline phosphatase activity in healthy bees and to phenoloxydase activities in infected bees. Our results support the idea that both the quality and diversity (in a specific context) of pollen can shape bee physiology and might help to better understand the influence of agriculture and land-use intensification on bee nutrition and health.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animal Feed / standards
  • Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
  • Animals
  • Bees / physiology*
  • Pollen*
  • Survival

Grants and funding

This work was funded by a grant from the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (797/2004). GDP was supported by a Conventions Industrielles de Formation par la REcherche fellowship (ANRT). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.