The effects of dietary Immunogen on innate immune response, immune related genes expression and disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2014 Apr;37(2):209-14. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.02.006. Epub 2014 Feb 19.

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of prebiotic Immunogen on lysozyme, TNFα and HSP70 gene expression in head kidney, humoral innate immune parameters and resistant to Aeromonas hydrophila of rainbow trout. 120 healthy rainbow trout (81.65 ± 1.49 g) were distributed in six fiberglass tanks assigned to two groups fed control or diet supplemented with 2 g kg(-1) Immunogen for 45 days. The results revealed that administration of Immunogen significantly (P < 0.05) up regulated lysozyme and TNFα gene expression. HSP70 gene expression was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in Immunogen fed fish at the end of trial. Humoral innate immune parameters (lysozyme activity, ACH50 and bactericidal activity) were significantly (P < 0.05) increased whether 15 or 45 days after feeding on Immunogen supplemented diet. However, significant (P < 0.05) increase in agglutination antibody titer observed just after 45 days feeding on Immunogen. Rainbow trout fed with 2 g kg(-1) Immunogen showed remarkably higher resistance against A. hydrophila (64.44% survival) compared to the control group (24.44% survival). These results confirm that Immunogen can up regulates immune related genes expression, stimulates immune response that per se enhances disease resistance in rainbow trout.

Keywords: Disease resistance; Immune related genes expression; Immune response; Immunogen(®); Rainbow trout.

MeSH terms

  • Aeromonas hydrophila / physiology
  • Animal Feed / analysis
  • Animals
  • Diet / veterinary
  • Dietary Supplements / analysis
  • Disease Resistance / immunology
  • Fish Diseases / genetics
  • Fish Diseases / immunology*
  • Fish Diseases / microbiology
  • Fish Proteins / genetics*
  • Fish Proteins / metabolism
  • Gene Expression Regulation / immunology*
  • Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / genetics
  • Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / immunology
  • Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / microbiology
  • Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / veterinary*
  • HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / genetics
  • HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / metabolism
  • Hematologic Tests / veterinary
  • Immunity, Innate / immunology*
  • Muramidase / genetics
  • Muramidase / metabolism
  • Oncorhynchus mykiss*
  • Prebiotics / analysis*
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism

Substances

  • Fish Proteins
  • HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins
  • Prebiotics
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Muramidase