Objectives: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate contrast-enhanced sonography for differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules by analyzing the correlation between maximum intensity and microvessel density.
Methods: From February 2010 to May 2012, 122 patients (85 female and 37 male; mean age ± SD, 45 ± 9.1 years) with thyroid nodules (62 papillary thyroid carcinomas, 30 nodular goiters, and 30 adenomas) that underwent routine thyroid sonography and were diagnosed by surgery were included in this study. Contrast-enhanced sonography was performed, and enhancement patterns were classified into 3 groups: high, equal, and low enhancement. As a time-intensity curve parameter, the correlation of maximum intensity with CD31 and CD34 microvessel density counts was analyzed.
Results: On contrast-enhanced sonography, most patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas showed a heterogeneous low enhancement pattern, whereas most patients with nodular goiters showed an equal enhancement pattern, and patients with adenomas showed a high enhancement pattern. The detection of papillary thyroid carcinomas with low enhancement had sensitivity of 96.8%, specificity of 95.0%, and accuracy of 95.9%. Compared with the papillary thyroid group, the mean microvessel density counts were significantly higher in the nodular goiter and adenoma groups (P< .05). We also found that the maximum intensity was significantly associated with CD31 and CD34 counts (CD31, r = 0.963; P < .01; CD34, r = 0.968; P < .01).
Conclusions: Maximum intensity has a significant relationship with microvessel density. Contrast-enhanced sonography is a practical and convenient means for differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules.
Keywords: benign and malignant thyroid nodules; contrast-enhanced sonography; maximum intensity; microvessel density; superficial structures.
© 2014 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.