Abstract
Oxidation of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family of enzymes has been demonstrated to play a significant role in epigenetic regulation in mammals. We found that Tet enzymes also possess the activity of catalyzing the formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytidine (5-hmrC) in RNA in vitro. In addition, the catalytic domains of all three Tet enzymes as well as full-length Tet3 could induce the formation of 5-hmrC in human cells. Moreover, 5-hmrC was present at appreciable levels (∼1 per 5000 5-methylcytidine) in RNA of mammalian cells and tissues. Our results suggest the involvement of this oxidation in RNA biology.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
MeSH terms
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5-Methylcytosine / analogs & derivatives
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Animals
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Cytosine / analogs & derivatives*
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Cytosine / biosynthesis
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Cytosine / chemistry
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Cytosine / metabolism
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DNA-Binding Proteins / chemistry
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DNA-Binding Proteins / deficiency
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
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Dioxygenases / chemistry
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Dioxygenases / deficiency
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Dioxygenases / metabolism*
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Embryonic Stem Cells / metabolism
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HEK293 Cells
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Humans
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Mice
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Mixed Function Oxygenases
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins / chemistry
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins / deficiency
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins / metabolism*
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RNA / chemistry
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RNA / metabolism*
Substances
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins
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5-hydroxymethylcytosine
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RNA
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5-Methylcytosine
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Cytosine
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Mixed Function Oxygenases
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TET1 protein, human
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TET3 protein, human
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Dioxygenases
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TET2 protein, human