Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) release into the medium in which they are cultured heterogeneous populations of microvesicles (mESMVs), important components of cell-cell communication, that transfer their contents not only to other stem cells but also to cells of other origins. The purpose of these studies was to demonstrate that ESMVs could be the signals that lead the retinal progenitor Müller cells to de-differentiate and re-entry the cell cycle, followed by differentiation along retinal lineages. Indeed, we found that ESMVs induce these processes and change Müller cells' microenvironment towards a more permissive state for tissue regeneration.
Keywords:
De-differentiation; Differentiation; Embryonic stem cells; Müller cell cultures; Müller progenitor cells; Retina; Retina regeneration; Retinal cell lineages; Stem cell microvesicles; Stem cells.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Cell Dedifferentiation / genetics
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Cell Dedifferentiation / physiology
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Cell-Derived Microparticles / genetics
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Cell-Derived Microparticles / metabolism*
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Cells, Cultured
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Embryonic Stem Cells / cytology*
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Embryonic Stem Cells / metabolism
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Ependymoglial Cells / cytology
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Ependymoglial Cells / metabolism
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Gene Expression
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Green Fluorescent Proteins / genetics
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Green Fluorescent Proteins / metabolism
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Humans
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Mice, Transgenic
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Microscopy, Confocal
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Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / genetics
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Pluripotent Stem Cells / metabolism
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RNA, Messenger / genetics
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RNA, Messenger / metabolism
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Regeneration / genetics
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Regeneration / physiology*
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Retina / metabolism
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Retina / physiology*
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Stem Cells / cytology
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Stem Cells / metabolism
Substances
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Octamer Transcription Factor-3
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RNA, Messenger
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Green Fluorescent Proteins