Many diseases of the peripheral nervous system affect the function of Schwann cells. Recent developments in stem cell technology offer the opportunity to engineer stem cell derived glial cell populations that reveal essential phenotypic characteristics of Schwann cells including growth support and myelination of peripheral axons. Potential applications of these cells include its use as platform for human cell-based disease models as well as potential source for cell transplantation strategies. In this review we provide an update on the latest developments in engineering Schwann cells as diagnostic tools or for cell replacement therapies in peripheral neuropathic conditions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled PSC and the brain.
Keywords: Myelination; Nerve injury; Peripheral nerve; Regeneration; Schwann cells.
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