Abstract
Several naturally occurring amino acid derivatives display significant activities against weeds, fungi and insects: some of them have been even commercialized and are applied as crop protection agents. The 53 most important amino acid natural products with such efficacy are presented in this review together with their natural source, mode of action and biological activity. The diversity of the manifold bacterial, fungal and plantal sources of these compounds is impressive as well as their completely different structural scaffolds, ranging from cyclopeptides via unique non-proteinogenic amino acids to peptidyl nucleosides, the broad range of target enzymes from several different biochemical pathways, which they inhibit and also the plethora of different weeds, fungi and insects they are able to control.
Keywords:
Agrochemicals; Amino acids; Crop protection; Fungicides; Herbicides; Insecticides; Natural products.
MeSH terms
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Amino Acids / chemistry
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Amino Acids / isolation & purification
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Amino Acids / pharmacology*
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Animals
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Biological Products / chemistry
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Biological Products / isolation & purification
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Biological Products / pharmacology*
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Crops, Agricultural / microbiology
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Crops, Agricultural / parasitology
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Fungi / drug effects
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Fungi / enzymology
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Fungi / growth & development
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Fungicides, Industrial / chemistry
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Fungicides, Industrial / isolation & purification
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Fungicides, Industrial / pharmacology*
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Herbicides / chemistry
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Herbicides / isolation & purification
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Herbicides / pharmacology*
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Insect Control / methods
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Insect Vectors / drug effects
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Insect Vectors / enzymology
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Insect Vectors / growth & development
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Insecticides / chemistry
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Insecticides / isolation & purification
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Insecticides / pharmacology*
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Nucleosides / chemistry
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Nucleosides / isolation & purification
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Nucleosides / pharmacology
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Peptides, Cyclic / chemistry
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Peptides, Cyclic / isolation & purification
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Peptides, Cyclic / pharmacology
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Plant Weeds / drug effects
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Plant Weeds / enzymology
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Plant Weeds / growth & development
Substances
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Amino Acids
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Biological Products
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Fungicides, Industrial
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Herbicides
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Insecticides
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Nucleosides
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Peptides, Cyclic