Epidemiology of candidemia and antifungal susceptibility in invasive Candida species in the Asia-Pacific region

Future Microbiol. 2016 Oct:11:1461-1477. doi: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0099. Epub 2016 Oct 18.

Abstract

In the Asia-Pacific region, Candida albicans is the predominant Candida species causing invasive candidiasis/candidemia in Australia, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand whereas C. tropicalis is the most frequently encountered Candida species in Pakistan and India. Invasive isolates of C. albicans, C. parapsilosis complex and C. tropicalis remain highly susceptible to fluconazole (>90% susceptible). Fluconazole resistance (6.8-15%), isolates with the non-wild-type phenotype for itraconazole susceptibility (3.9-10%) and voriconazole (5-17.8%), and echinocandin resistance (2.1-2.2% in anidulafungin and 2.2% in micafungin) among invasive C. glabrata complex isolates are increasing in prevalence. Moreover, not all isolates of C. tropicalis have been shown to be susceptible to fluconazole (nonsusceptible rate, 5.7-11.6% in China) or voriconazole (nonsusceptible rate, 5.7-9.6% in China).

Keywords: Asia-Pacific region; antifungal susceptibility; candidemia; invasive candidiasis.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anidulafungin
  • Antifungal Agents / therapeutic use
  • Asia / epidemiology
  • Azoles / therapeutic use
  • Candida / drug effects*
  • Candida / isolation & purification
  • Candida / pathogenicity*
  • Candida albicans / drug effects
  • Candida albicans / pathogenicity
  • Candida glabrata / drug effects
  • Candida glabrata / isolation & purification
  • Candida glabrata / pathogenicity
  • Candida tropicalis / drug effects
  • Candida tropicalis / isolation & purification
  • Candida tropicalis / pathogenicity
  • Candidemia / drug therapy*
  • Candidemia / epidemiology*
  • Candidemia / microbiology*
  • Candidiasis
  • Candidiasis, Invasive / drug therapy
  • Candidiasis, Invasive / epidemiology
  • Candidiasis, Invasive / microbiology
  • Drug Resistance, Fungal / drug effects
  • Echinocandins / therapeutic use*
  • Fluconazole / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Itraconazole / therapeutic use
  • Lipopeptides / therapeutic use
  • Micafungin
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Phenotype
  • Prevalence
  • Voriconazole / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Antifungal Agents
  • Azoles
  • Echinocandins
  • Lipopeptides
  • Itraconazole
  • Fluconazole
  • Anidulafungin
  • Voriconazole
  • Micafungin

Supplementary concepts

  • Systemic candidiasis