Magnesium Transporter MGT6 Plays an Essential Role in Maintaining Magnesium Homeostasis and Regulating High Magnesium Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Magnesium (Mg) is one of the essential nutrients for all living organisms. Plants acquire Mg from the environment and distribute within their bodies in the ionic form via Mg²⁺-permeable transporters. In Arabidopsis, the plasma membrane-localized magnesium transporter MGT6 mediates Mg²⁺ uptake under Mg-limited conditions, and therefore is important for the plant adaptation to low-Mg environment. In this study, we further assessed the physiological function of MGT6 using a knockout T-DNA insertional mutant allele. We found that MGT6 was required for normal plant growth during various developmental stages when the environmental Mg²⁺ was low. Interestingly, in addition to the hypersensitivity to Mg²⁺ limitation, mgt6 mutants displayed dramatic growth defects when external Mg²⁺ was in excess. Compared with wild-type plants, mgt6 mutants generally contained less Mg²⁺ under both low and high external Mg²⁺ conditions. Reciprocal grafting experiments further underpinned a role of MGT6 in a shoot-based mechanism for detoxifying excessive Mg²⁺ in the environment. Moreover, we found that mgt6 mgt7 double mutant showed more severe phenotypes compared with single mutants under both low- and high-Mg²⁺ stress conditions, suggesting that these two MGT-type transporters play an additive role in controlling plant Mg²⁺ homeostasis under a wide range of external Mg²⁺ concentrations.