Nanostructured binary copper chalcogenides (NBCCs) have been the subject of extensive research as promising candidates in energy-related and biological applications due to their advantageous properties, environmental compatibility, and abundance. The remarkable properties of these materials is born out of the variable stoichiometry between the copper and chalcogens, as well as the structural versatility, with zero-dimension to three-dimension structures, which consequently improves their electrical, optical, and catalytic properties. Here, the research history and development process of the binary copper chalcogenides are introduced. Typical synthesis strategies for NBCCs vary according to structure dimensionality and specific energy-related and biological applications dependent on the structure and stoichiometry are summarized. The future development of designed nanostructures and tuned stoichiometry in NBCCs for further high-performance applications are outlined.