A comprehensive understanding of the gut mucosal immune system in allergic inflammation

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
• ² Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.
• ³ Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
• ⁵ Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Center for Veterinary Sciences and Comparative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, CU-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Comparative Pathology and Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. Electronic address: kiyono@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp.