Effectiveness of ECMO for burn-related acute respiratory distress syndrome

Burns. 2019 Mar;45(2):317-321. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.10.012. Epub 2018 Nov 11.

Abstract

Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complication that affects approximately 40% of burn patients and is associated with high mortality rates. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy is a management option for severe refractory hypoxemic respiratory failure; however, there is little literature reporting the effectiveness of this therapy in burns. Our study objective was to review patient outcomes in burns following severe ARDS treated with ECMO.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients treated with ECMO for ARDS who received their burn care at a single regional burn center between 9/1/2006 and 8/31/2016. Primary patient outcome examined was discharge disposition.

Results: We identified 8 patients who had ARDS secondary to burn who were placed onto ECMO during this 10-year period. The average APACHE score, SOFA score, and P/F ratio were 21±3, 9±2, and 59±8, respectively, at the time of decision for ECMO. No ECMO-related complications were identified. Out of the 8 patients reviewed, 1 died, 4 were discharged to acute rehabilitation or a long-term acute care facility, and 3 were discharged to home.

Conclusion: Mortality in burn patients with ARDS who are managed with ECMO is extremely low. Careful selection and timely intervention with ECMO contributed to good clinical outcomes.

Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Burns; ECMO.

MeSH terms

  • APACHE
  • Acute Lung Injury / etiology
  • Acute Lung Injury / therapy*
  • Adolescent
  • Burns / complications
  • Burns / therapy*
  • Burns, Inhalation / complications
  • Burns, Inhalation / therapy
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Early Medical Intervention
  • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / methods*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Organ Dysfunction Scores
  • Patient Selection
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / etiology
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / therapy*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Salvage Therapy
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Survival Rate
  • Young Adult