Objective: To investigate whether maternal exposure to quinolones, fluoroquinolones and specifically ciprofloxacin is associated with major malformations and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase and Reprotox® databases were searched. Observational studies with an exposed and control group were included.
Results: Analysis of 8 cohort and 2 case-control studies showed no significant increases in rates of major malformations for quinolone (OR, 1.04; 95% CI 0.89-1.21), fluoroquinolone (RR, 0.89; 95% CI 0.70-1.14) and ciprofloxacin exposure (RR, 0.72; 95% CI 0.43-1.19). For fluoroquinolones, live birth rate was significantly decreased (RD, -0.04; 95% CI -0.08 to -0.01) whereas elective termination rate (RD, 0.04; 95% CI 0.02-0.05) was significantly increased.
Conclusions: Quinolone, fluoroquinolone and ciprofloxacin exposure were not associated with a significant increase in major malformations and adverse pregnancy outcomes, other than significantly decreased live birth rate and increased elective termination rate which may be the indicators of misperceived teratogenic risk.
Keywords: Adverse pregnancy outcomes; Ciprofloxacin; Drug use in pregnancy; Fluoroquinolones; Major congenital malformations; Quinolones.
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